Plain-English reference · 207 terms · Free

The Crypto & Web3 Glossary.

Every term a business operator actually runs into — defined in clear, everyday language.  Organized in three reading tiers, with the terms that work together linked to each other, because vocabulary is a map, not a list.

Definitions describe how things work — they never tell you what to buy or do.  That part stays with you.


207 of 207 terms shown

Foundation is where to start; Operator is the working vocabulary of running a business near this technology; Advanced covers deeper mechanics — useful the day you meet them.

Wallets & Keys20 terms

Where control lives — the keys decide everything downstream.

WalletFoundation

Software or hardware that lets you view your crypto holdings and authorize transactions.  The wallet stores your keys, not the coins themselves — the coins live on the blockchain.

Works with Private Key · Custody · Address · Blockchain

Custodial WalletFoundation

A wallet where a company holds your keys for you, similar to a bank holding your money.  You access it with a login rather than a private key.

Works with Private Key · Wallet

Non-Custodial WalletFoundation

A wallet where you alone hold the keys.  No company can access or freeze the funds, and no one can recover them for you if the keys are lost.

Works with Wallet

Hot WalletFoundation

A wallet connected to the internet, such as a phone or browser app.  Convenient for frequent use and more exposed to online threats than offline storage.

Works with Wallet

Cold WalletFoundation

A wallet kept offline, such as a hardware device or paper backup.  Used for storing holdings that are not accessed often.

Works with Wallet

Hardware WalletFoundation

A physical device that stores keys offline and signs transactions internally, so the keys never touch an internetconnected computer.

Private KeyFoundation

A secret value that authorizes spending from a wallet.  Anyone who has it controls the funds, so it is never shared.

Works with Public Key · Signing · Seed Phrase · Wallet

Public KeyFoundation

A value derived from the private key that can be shared.  It is used to generate receiving addresses and verify signatures.

Works with Private Key

Recovery PhraseFoundation

Another name for a seed phrase — the words used to restore a wallet on a new device.

Works with Seed Phrase · Wallet

PassphraseAdvanced

An optional extra word or password added on top of a seed phrase to create a separate hidden wallet.  Sometimes called a 25th word.

Works with Seed Phrase · Wallet

Vanity AddressAdvanced

An address generated to contain a chosen pattern of characters, such as a name.  Cosmetic only and does not change how the address works.

Works with Address

SigningOperator

The act of using a private key to approve a transaction or message, proving the request came from the key holder without revealing the key.

Works with Private Key · Transaction

Wallet BackupOperator

A saved copy of the seed phrase or keys that allows a wallet to be restored if the device is lost or damaged.

Works with Seed Phrase · Wallet

CustodyFoundation

Who actually holds and controls an asset.  Every wallet, platform, and payment setup answers this question one way or another — it is the single most useful question to ask about any crypto arrangement.

Works with Custodial Wallet · Self-Custody · Custodian · Wallet

Self-CustodyFoundation

Holding your own keys, so you alone control the funds.  Maximum control, and maximum responsibility: there is no company to call if keys and backups are lost.

Works with Seed Phrase · Recovery Risk · Hardware Wallet

Watch-Only WalletOperator

A wallet set up with only the public address, so you can see balances and activity but cannot spend.  Useful for monitoring without exposing keys.

Works with Address · Wallet

Paper WalletOperator

Keys or a seed phrase written or printed on paper and stored offline.  Simple and offline, but vulnerable to fire, water, loss, and anyone who reads it.

Works with Seed Phrase

Networks & Infrastructure28 terms

The rails themselves: what the ledger is and who keeps it honest.

BlockchainFoundation

A shared digital ledger maintained across many computers.  Records are grouped into blocks and linked in order, making past entries very hard to change.

Works with Block · Node · Public Ledger

BlockFoundation

A batch of transactions recorded together on a blockchain, time-stamped and linked to the block before it.

Works with Blockchain

NodeFoundation

A computer running blockchain software that keeps a copy of the ledger and helps check and relay transactions.

Works with Blockchain

MainnetFoundation

The live, real-value version of a blockchain where actual transactions take place.

Works with Blockchain

TestnetFoundation

A practice version of a blockchain using valueless test tokens, used to try things out without risking real funds.

Works with Blockchain

Layer 1Operator

A base blockchain that settles its own transactions, such as the main networks themselves.

Works with Blockchain

Layer 2Operator

A network built on top of a Layer 1 to process transactions faster or cheaper, then record results back to the base layer.

Works with Rollup · Layer 1 · Gas Fee

SidechainAdvanced

A separate blockchain connected to a main chain that runs under its own rules while allowing assets to move between them.

Works with Blockchain

ConsensusAdvanced

The process by which a network agrees on which transactions are valid and what the shared record says.

Proof of WorkAdvanced

A consensus method where computers compete to solve a calculation to add the next block, consuming energy in the process.

Works with Consensus · Block

Proof of StakeAdvanced

A consensus method where participants lock up tokens for the chance to validate blocks, generally using far less energy than proof of work.

Works with Proof of Work · Consensus

ValidatorAdvanced

A participant that checks and confirms transactions under a proof-of-stake system.

MinerAdvanced

A participant that adds blocks under a proof-of-work system by performing the required calculations.

HashAdvanced

A fixed-length fingerprint produced from data.  Any change to the data produces a completely different hash, which helps detect tampering.

Block ExplorerOperator

A public website for looking up transactions, addresses, and blocks on a given network.

RPCAdvanced

A connection point that lets wallets and apps read from and send transactions to a blockchain network.

Works with Blockchain

DecentralizationAdvanced

The degree to which control of a network is spread across many independent participants rather than held by one party.

Works with Spread

ForkAdvanced

A change to a network's rules.  A soft fork is backward-compatible; a hard fork creates a separate path that older software will not follow.

RollupAdvanced

A Layer 2 design that processes many transactions off the main chain, then posts a compressed summary back to it.  The main way busy networks scale today.

Works with Layer 2 · Layer 1

Chain IDAdvanced

A number that uniquely identifies a blockchain network.  Wallets use it to make sure a transaction is signed for the intended network and not replayed on another.

Works with Transaction · Blockchain

FaucetOperator

A service that hands out small amounts of valueless testnet tokens so developers and learners can practice without real funds.

Works with Testnet

HalvingAdvanced

A scheduled event on some networks, most famously Bitcoin, where the reward for adding new blocks is cut in half — slowing how fast new coins are created.

Works with Miner · Proof of Work · Supply

Lightning NetworkAdvanced

A payment layer built on top of Bitcoin that routes many small, fast payments through channels, settling back to the main chain later.

GweiOperator

The small unit Ethereum gas prices are quoted in — one billionth of an ETH.  When people say “gas is at 20,” they mean 20 gwei per unit of gas.

Works with Gas · Gas Fee · Priority Fee

Block HeightOperator

A block’s position number in the chain, counting from the very first block.  Useful as a timestamp you can verify: “as of block N” is more precise than “as of Tuesday.”

Works with Block · Confirmation · Block Explorer

Cross-Chain SwapOperator

Exchanging an asset on one blockchain for an asset on another — via a bridge, a swap service, or an exchange.  Every added chain hop adds fees, wait time, and a new place to make a wrong-network mistake.

Works with Bridge · Network Selection · Wrapped Token

Atomic SwapAdvanced

A cross-chain trade built so it either completes fully on both sides or cancels entirely — no half-finished state where one party holds everything.

Works with Cross-Chain Swap · Bridge · Smart Contract

Transactions & Fees20 terms

What actually happens when value moves, and what it costs.

ConfirmationFoundation

Each additional block added after the one containing a transaction.  More confirmations make a transaction increasingly settled.

Works with Transaction · Block

FinalityOperator

The point at which a transaction is considered permanent and will not be reversed.  Different networks reach finality differently.

Works with Transaction

Gas FeeFoundation

The total cost of a transaction's gas, paid in the network's own token.

Works with Transaction · Token · Gas

Network FeeFoundation

A general term for the cost of getting a transaction processed by a blockchain network.

Works with Transaction · Blockchain

NonceAdvanced

A counter attached to each transaction from an address that keeps transactions in order and prevents duplicates.

Works with Transaction · Address

MempoolAdvanced

The waiting area where submitted transactions sit before being included in a block.

Works with Block

PendingFoundation

A transaction that has been submitted but not yet confirmed in a block.

Works with Transaction · Block

Failed TransactionOperator

A transaction that did not complete.  On some networks a fee is still charged for the attempt.

Works with Transaction

SlippageOperator

The difference between an expected price and the actual price when a trade settles, common during fast-moving conditions.

DustAdvanced

An amount of crypto so small it is worth less than the fee required to move it.

Transaction HashOperator

The unique identifier of a transaction, used to look it up on a block explorer.  Also called a TxID.

Works with Block Explorer · Transaction · Block

Memo / TagOperator

An extra reference some networks require alongside the address so the recipient knows which account a payment belongs to.

Works with Address

Priority FeeAdvanced

An optional extra fee, sometimes called a tip, paid to get a transaction processed sooner when a network is busy.

Works with Transaction

BatchingAdvanced

Combining several payments into a single transaction to save fees — common practice for exchanges and businesses that send many payments.

Works with Transaction

Network CongestionOperator

A period when more transactions are submitted than a network can quickly process.  Fees rise and confirmations slow until it clears.

Refund AddressOperator

An address a sender designates to receive funds back if a payment cannot be completed.  Some payment processors ask for one up front because blockchain payments have no automatic reversal.

Works with Crypto Refund · Payment Processor · Blockchain · Address

Transaction SimulationOperator

Previewing what a transaction will actually do — what leaves, what arrives, what gets approved — before you sign it.  Modern wallets and vetting tools do this; reading the preview is the habit that saves you.

Works with Signing · Honeypot · Malicious Approval

Assets & Tokens35 terms

The things that move — coins, tokens, and what stands behind them.

CryptocurrencyFoundation

A digital asset recorded on a blockchain that can be transferred between addresses without a central intermediary.

Works with Blockchain

CoinFoundation

A digital asset native to its own blockchain, used to pay that network's fees.

Works with Blockchain

TokenFoundation

A digital asset created on top of an existing blockchain rather than having its own network.

Works with Blockchain

FiatFoundation

Government-issued currency such as dollars or euros, as opposed to crypto.

Fiat On-RampOperator

A service that converts government currency into crypto.

Fiat Off-RampOperator

A service that converts crypto back into government currency.

Wrapped TokenAdvanced

A token that represents an asset from another chain, allowing it to be used on a network where it does not natively exist.

Works with Token

Stablecoin PegOperator

The target value a stablecoin aims to hold, such as one dollar.  A 'depeg' is when it drifts from that target.

Works with Collateral · Proof of Reserves · Stablecoin

NFTFoundation

A token that represents ownership of a specific unique item rather than an interchangeable amount.

Works with Token

Token StandardAdvanced

A shared set of rules that tokens follow so wallets and apps can handle them consistently.

SupplyOperator

The amount of a token that exists.  Circulating supply is the portion currently available; max supply is the upper limit if one is set.

Works with Token

DecimalsAdvanced

How finely a token can be divided.  This affects how amounts are displayed and entered.

Works with Token

BurningAdvanced

Permanently removing tokens from circulation by sending them to an unusable address.

Works with Address

MintingAdvanced

Creating new tokens or NFTs and recording them on the blockchain.

Works with Blockchain

AirdropOperator

A distribution of tokens to many addresses, sometimes used for promotion.  Unexpected airdrops can also be a lure used in scams.

Works with Dusting Attack · Scam

Proof of ReservesOperator

A published attestation that a platform or issuer actually holds the assets it claims to hold.  Methods and rigor vary widely — the existence of a report is a starting point for questions, not the end of them.

Works with Custodian · Stablecoin · Compliance

CollateralAdvanced

Assets locked up to back a loan, a position, or a stablecoin.  If the collateral loses value, the arrangement built on it comes under pressure.

Works with Stablecoin

CBDCAdvanced

A central bank digital currency — a digital form of a national currency issued by its central bank.  Different from crypto in that a central authority runs it.

MemecoinAdvanced

A token created around a joke, meme, or moment rather than a described use.  Prices are driven almost entirely by attention and can move violently in both directions.

Works with Token

Real-World AssetAdvanced

A token representing something outside crypto, such as a treasury bill, invoice, or property share.  The token is only as good as the legal and operational structure connecting it to the real thing.

Works with Treasury · Invoice · Token

TokenizationAdvanced

Representing a real or digital asset as a token on a blockchain, so ownership can be recorded and transferred on-chain.

Works with Blockchain · Token

Contract AddressFoundation

The unique on-chain address of a token’s smart contract.  The one identifier that can’t be faked by a copycat name or logo — vet the contract address, not the ticker.

Works with Smart Contract · Token · Block Explorer

WhitepaperFoundation

The document where a project explains what it does, how its token works, and why it should exist.  If you can’t find one, or can’t understand it, that itself is information.

Works with Token · DYOR · Supply

Native TokenFoundation

The built-in asset of a blockchain — like ETH on Ethereum or SOL on Solana — used to pay that network’s fees.  You need some of it to move anything else on that chain.

Works with Gas Fee · Coin · Layer 1

Circulating SupplyOperator

The number of tokens actually available and moving in the market right now, as opposed to locked, reserved, or not yet issued.  Price times circulating supply gives market cap.

Works with Supply · Market Cap · Fully Diluted Valuation

Fully Diluted Valuation (FDV)Advanced

What a token’s market cap would be if every token that will ever exist were in circulation at today’s price.  A huge gap between market cap and FDV means heavy future unlocks are coming.

Works with Market Cap · Circulating Supply · Supply

Deployer WalletOperator

The wallet that created a token’s contract.  Watching what the deployer holds and does — funding fresh wallets, moving supply — is one of the fastest reads on a new token’s intent.

Works with Holder Concentration · Contract Address · Rug Pull

Mint AuthorityOperator

The ability, held by someone, to create more of a token after launch.  If mint authority hasn’t been revoked, supply can be inflated under you at any time — check it before anything else.

Works with Minting · Supply · Rug Pull

Liquidity LockOperator

Locking a token’s liquidity pool funds in a contract for a set period so the team can’t pull them.  No lock, no burn — assume the exit door is open.

Works with Liquidity Pool · LP Burn · Rug Pull

LP BurnOperator

Permanently destroying the liquidity-pool tokens that would let a team withdraw a token’s liquidity.  A high burn percentage means the pool can’t simply be drained — one of the core checks on any new token.

Works with Liquidity Lock · Burning · Liquidity Pool

Holder ConcentrationOperator

How much of a token’s supply sits in its largest wallets.  A handful of wallets holding most of the supply is an insider signal: they can move the price — or exit — whenever they choose.

Works with Deployer Wallet · Rug Pull · Chain Analytics

Renounced ContractAdvanced

A token contract whose owner has given up the ability to change it.  Renouncement removes some rug levers, but it isn’t a safety guarantee by itself — the other gates still apply.

Works with Mint Authority · Smart Contract · Smart Contract Audit

Tax TokenAdvanced

A token whose contract takes a cut of every buy or sell.  Some taxes are disclosed and modest; hidden or adjustable ones are how holders get quietly bled — check before trading, not after.

Works with Honeypot · Smart Contract · Slippage

HoneypotOperator

A token designed so you can buy it but never sell it.  The chart looks alive because only purchases go through.  Simulation tools and vetting checks exist precisely to catch this before money moves.

Works with Tax Token · Transaction Simulation · Rug Pull

Exchanges & Markets23 terms

Where crypto is bought, sold, and held by platforms.

Centralized ExchangeFoundation

An exchange run by a company that holds customer funds and manages accounts, often shortened to CEX.

Works with Exchange

Decentralized ExchangeFoundation

An exchange that lets users trade directly from their own wallets through smart contracts, often shortened to DEX.

Works with Exchange

Order BookAdvanced

A live list of buy and sell offers on an exchange.

Works with Exchange

Market OrderOperator

An instruction to trade immediately at the best available current price.

Limit OrderOperator

An instruction to trade only at a chosen price or better.

LiquidityOperator

How easily an asset can be bought or sold without moving its price much.

Market CapOperator

An asset's price multiplied by its circulating supply, used as a rough measure of relative size.

Works with Supply

VolumeOperator

The total amount of an asset traded over a given period.

SpreadAdvanced

The gap between the highest buy offer and the lowest sell offer.

Trading PairOperator

Two assets quoted against each other, showing how much of one it takes to get the other.

KYCOperator

'Know Your Customer' — the identity checks many platforms perform to meet regulatory requirements.

Works with Compliance · Centralized Exchange

WithdrawalFoundation

Moving crypto out of a platform account to an external wallet address.

Works with Address · Wallet

Deposit AddressFoundation

The address a platform gives you to send funds into your account there.

Works with Address

CustodianOperator

A company whose business is holding assets safely on behalf of others.  Exchanges act as custodians for funds kept on the platform.

OTC DeskAdvanced

An over-the-counter service that arranges large trades directly between parties instead of on the open order book, reducing price impact for big amounts.

Works with Order Book

Maker & Taker FeesAdvanced

The two fee rates most exchanges charge: makers add offers to the order book, takers accept existing ones.  Taker fees are usually higher.

Works with Order Book

DelistingOperator

When an exchange removes an asset from trading.  Holders are typically given a window to withdraw before support ends.

Works with Exchange

DYORFoundation

“Do your own research” — the discipline of verifying a token, platform, or claim yourself before money moves.  In practice: read the whitepaper, check the contract, run the vetting gates, then decide.

Works with Whitepaper · Block Explorer · Screener

ScreenerOperator

A tool that lists and filters tokens by live data — price, volume, liquidity, age, holders — so you can spot candidates and red flags at a glance before digging deeper.

Works with DYOR · Volume · Liquidity

Candlestick ChartOperator

The standard price chart: each candle shows open, close, high, and low for a time slice.  Reading them is a skill of its own — useful context, never a guarantee of anything.

Works with Market Order · Volume · Market Sentiment

Market SentimentOperator

The mood of the crowd around an asset — read through social chatter, funding, and flows.  Sentiment moves prices short-term, which is exactly why it’s engineered by people with exits to fill.

Works with Pump and Dump · Candlestick Chart · DYOR

Apps, Contracts & DeFi19 terms

Programs that hold and move money by themselves — and the permissions you grant them.

dAppFoundation

A decentralized application that runs on smart contracts rather than a single company's servers.

DeFiOperator

Decentralized finance — financial services such as lending or trading provided through smart contracts.

Wallet ConnectionOperator

Linking your wallet to an app so it can request transactions.  The app cannot move funds without you approving each request.

Works with Wallet

Token AllowanceOperator

The specific amount a contract is permitted to spend from your wallet under an approval.

Works with Approval · Wallet

RevokeOperator

Withdrawing a permission previously granted to a contract.

StakingAdvanced

Locking up tokens to support a network or service, sometimes in exchange for rewards.  Terms and risks vary by program.

Works with Proof of Stake · Validator · Yield · Exchange

YieldAdvanced

A return some platforms describe on deposited or staked assets.  Stated yields are not guaranteed.

Liquidity ProviderAdvanced

Someone who deposits tokens into a liquidity pool to support trading.

Works with Liquidity Pool · Liquidity

OracleAdvanced

A service that feeds outside information, such as prices, into smart contracts.

Gas LimitAdvanced

The maximum amount of gas you allow a transaction or contract interaction to use.

Works with Transaction · Gas

Governance TokenAdvanced

A token that grants a vote in decisions about a project or protocol.

Works with Token

DAOAdvanced

A decentralized autonomous organization — a group coordinated through smart contracts and member voting rather than a traditional company structure.

Total Value LockedAdvanced

The total value of assets deposited in a protocol, often shortened to TVL.

Smart Contract AuditOperator

An independent review of a contract's code by an outside security firm, looking for flaws before real funds rely on it.  An audit reduces risk; it does not eliminate it, and unaudited contracts carry unmeasured risk.

Works with Bug Bounty · Testnet · Audit Trail

Bug BountyOperator

A standing offer to pay outside researchers who responsibly report security flaws — a signal a project takes its attack surface seriously.

MEV / Front-RunningAdvanced

When those who order transactions profit by inserting or reordering trades around yours, sometimes worsening your price.  One reason large trades use protections or OTC desks.

Impermanent LossAdvanced

A loss liquidity providers can experience when the prices of pooled tokens move apart.  The name undersells it — the loss is real if you withdraw after the move.

Works with Liquidity

Payments & Business Use19 terms

Crypto as a payment rail: requests, settlement, and getting it into the books.

Payment RequestOperator

A message or code specifying an address and amount so a customer can pay correctly.

Works with Address

InvoiceFoundation

A bill that may include a payment address, amount, and reference for a crypto payment.

Works with Crypto Payment · Address

QR CodeFoundation

A scannable image that fills in payment details automatically to reduce typing errors.

SettlementFoundation

The point at which a payment is final and the funds are usable by the recipient.

ChargebackFoundation

A reversal of a payment by a bank or card network.  Standard blockchain payments do not have an equivalent automatic reversal.

Works with Blockchain

On-Chain PaymentOperator

A payment recorded directly on the blockchain.

Works with Blockchain

Off-Chain PaymentOperator

A payment handled by a provider's internal system and not individually recorded on the blockchain.

Works with Blockchain

ReconciliationOperator

Matching received payments against invoices or records to confirm the books are accurate.

Works with Export Path · Audit Trail · Invoice

Receiving Address VerificationOperator

Confirming an address is correct before sharing it, often by checking the first and last characters.

Works with Address

Payment RailOperator

The underlying network a payment travels on — a card network, a bank transfer system, or a blockchain.  Each rail has its own speed, cost, and failure behavior.

Works with Blockchain

Auto-ConversionOperator

A processor feature that converts incoming crypto to a stablecoin or bank currency immediately at receipt, reducing exposure to price swings between sale and settlement.

Works with Stablecoin · Settlement

Crypto RefundOperator

Returning funds from a crypto payment.  Because there are no chargebacks, refunds are a manual, deliberate payment back to the customer — which is why merchants record a refund address and reference at the time of sale.

Works with Refund Address · Crypto Payment · Address

MicropaymentOperator

A very small payment, often under a dollar, practical only on rails whose fees are lower than the payment itself.

RemittanceOperator

Money sent across borders, often by workers to family.  A frequently cited use for crypto rails because traditional remittance fees are high.

Safety & Security26 terms

The traps that actually catch people, and the calm habits that bounce them off.

ScamFoundation

A scheme designed to take funds through deception, false promises, or impersonation.

Works with Impersonation

Rug PullOperator

When the people behind a project disappear with funds or abandon it suddenly.

Social EngineeringOperator

Manipulating a person into revealing secrets or approving actions, rather than attacking technology directly.

Seed Phrase TheftOperator

The loss of funds that follows when someone obtains your recovery words.  This is why the words are never typed into websites.

Wrong Chain ErrorOperator

Sending an asset on a network the recipient is not watching, which can make the funds unreachable.

Wrong Address ErrorOperator

Sending to an incorrect address.  Because transactions are generally irreversible, the funds usually cannot be retrieved.

Works with Address

Two-Factor AuthenticationFoundation

A second login step beyond a password, such as a code from an app, often shortened to 2FA.

Works with SIM Swap · Passkey · Password Manager

Malicious ApprovalOperator

A contract permission that grants more access than expected, sometimes used to drain wallets.

ImpersonationAdvanced

Pretending to be a known company, person, or support agent to gain trust.

Cold StorageFoundation

Keeping holdings offline to reduce exposure to online threats.

Recovery RiskOperator

The reality that self-custodied funds cannot be restored by any company if keys and backups are lost.

SIM SwapOperator

An attack where someone convinces a phone carrier to move your number to their device, then intercepts your text-message login codes.  A key reason app-based or hardware 2FA beats SMS.

Clipboard MalwareOperator

Malicious software that silently replaces a copied wallet address with an attacker's address.  The defense is verifying the pasted address in full before sending.

Works with Address · Wallet

Dusting AttackAdvanced

Sending tiny amounts of crypto to many addresses to track activity or bait interaction.  Unexpected small deposits are best left untouched.

PasskeyOperator

A phishing-resistant login method that uses a cryptographic key stored on your device instead of a password.  Increasingly supported by exchanges and platforms.

Works with Phishing

Password ManagerFoundation

An app that generates and stores strong, unique passwords.  Foundational hygiene for every account that touches money — though seed phrases stay offline, not in it.

Wallet DrainerOperator

Malicious code — usually behind a fake mint, airdrop, or support page — that gets you to sign something granting it access to empty your wallet.  One bad signature is all it needs.

Works with Malicious Approval · Signing · Revoke

Fake SupportFoundation

Scammers posing as help staff in replies, DMs, and comment sections, arriving fast when you mention a problem.  Real support never DMs first and never needs your seed phrase.  Ever.

Works with Impersonation · Seed Phrase Theft · Social Engineering

Giveaway ScamFoundation

“Send one coin, receive two back” — usually dressed up with a celebrity face or a hacked verified account.  Nobody doubles your money.  The send is the whole scam.

Works with Impersonation · Scam · Irreversibility

Pig ButcheringOperator

A long-game scam: weeks of friendly contact, then a “can’t-miss” investment platform that shows fake gains until you try to withdraw.  The relationship is the bait; the platform is the trap.

Works with Social Engineering · Scam · Fake Support

Pump and DumpOperator

Coordinated buying and hype to inflate a token’s price so insiders can sell into the excitement they created.  By the time it’s trending, the exit is usually already underway.

Works with Holder Concentration · Market Sentiment · Memecoin

Sandwich AttackAdvanced

A bot spots your pending trade, buys just before it, and sells just after — profiting from the price movement your own order causes.  Tight slippage settings are the everyday defense.

Works with MEV / Front-Running · Slippage · Mempool

SnipingAdvanced

Bots buying a token in the first seconds of its launch, ahead of any human.  Heavy sniper activity at launch distorts early charts and often precedes a fast dump.

Works with Deployer Wallet · Memecoin · Pump and Dump

Operations & Records17 terms

Running it like a business: records, access, and repeatable process.

Cost BasisOperator

The original value recorded for an asset, used as a reference for record-keeping.  Tax treatment varies and is outside this reference.

Works with Reconciliation · Export Path

Public LedgerFoundation

The openly viewable record of transactions on a blockchain.

Works with Blockchain

PseudonymityOperator

Addresses are not directly tied to names, but activity is public and can sometimes be traced.

Works with Chain Analytics · Public Ledger

Wallet LabelingOperator

Naming or tagging wallets and addresses to keep records organized.

ComplianceOperator

Following the laws and rules that apply to an activity.  Specifics depend on jurisdiction and are outside this reference.

WhitelistOperator

A pre-approved list of addresses permitted for certain actions.

Spending PolicyOperator

Internal rules an organization sets for how and when crypto can be moved.

Segregation of FundsOperator

Keeping different pools of money in separate wallets or accounts — customer payments, operating funds, reserves — so records stay clean and one problem cannot touch everything.

Access ControlOperator

Deciding and documenting who can view, move, or approve funds and under what conditions.  The operational backbone behind multi-signature setups and spending policies.

Works with Multi-Signature

Export PathOperator

A defined way to get transaction records out of a wallet or platform and into your books — CSV, API, or reports.  Worth confirming before the first payment, not after.

Works with Transaction · Wallet · API

Chain AnalyticsAdvanced

Tools and services that trace and label on-chain activity.  Used by exchanges and investigators, and a reminder that public ledgers are public.

Incident LogOperator

A written record of what happened, when, and what was done during a payment problem or security event.  Turns a stressful moment into a documented, improvable process.

APIOperator

A defined way for software systems to talk to each other — how exchanges, payment processors, and accounting tools connect and exchange data.

Works with Exchange

AutomationOperator

Using software to handle repetitive work — recurring reports, reconciliation exports, alerts — with little or no human involvement.

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Terms give you the map; the Wallet Simulator gives you the motions, and the Readiness Pulse tells you where you stand.  When you want a guide alongside you, the services ladder is built for exactly that.